Autophagy in the eye: from physiology to pathophysiology

Autophagy is a catabolic self-degradative pathway that promotes the degradation and recycling of intracellular material through the lysosomal compartment.Although first believed to function in conditions of nutritional stress, autophagy is emerging as a critical cellular pathway, involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological process

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Diagnostic and treatment challenges of a case of primary cutaneous signet-ring cell/histiocytoid carcinoma of the eyelid

Abstract Background Primary cutaneous signet-ring cell/histiocytoid carcinoma of the eyelid is an extremely rare but aggressive neoplasm diagnosed primarily in elderly men.Until now there are 32 published cases of signet-ring cell carcinoma or histiocytoid carcinoma of the eyelid.We report the clinical, radiographic and histological features of the

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Response to Bollig and Zelco

Abstract In this reply we discuss the comments herbstonne black-eyed susan raised by Bollig and Zelco on our Editorial on Emergency Last Aid (ELA).We focus on that ELA is a clinician-focused educational initiative specifically tailored for those working in high-acuity, high-consequence settings such as pre-hospital, emergency, and critical care env

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